SCALES

More than you know. There are TONS.

http://www.horntabs.net/h/content/jamming-scales.html

If this is all new to you, just stick to major, minor, and memorize the chromatic scale, because that's ALL the notes (and major and minor are what most songs are written in). They're only posted in the key of C in that article, but there are 12 different keys (starting notes) for each scale pattern. If you have a piano you can look at, that might help for what I'm about to say (a picture of a piano keyboard would work fine), but you can always use just a written out chromatic scale (like the first one on the article. Scales are made up of semi-tones [S] and tones [T]. It's pretty simple, one tone is two semi-tones, and a semi-tones is the smallest (as far as we're concerned) intervals between two in tune pitches, so C-C# is a semi-tone. E-F is a semi-tone, and G-Gb is a semi-tones. C-D (C-C#-D) is a tone. You can count this on a piano by count the keys (both black and white) as you go (if you know the notes on a piano), or if you don't, just trust the chromatic scale and count on that. A scale is a pattern, and there are many of them. A MAJOR scale is this pattern TTSTTTS, which would get you from C a tone to D a tone to E a SEMI-tone to F a tone to G a tone to A a tone to B and another SEMI-tone to get you back to C. If you remember that Doh Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Doh thing, THAT'S a major scale. The same thing can be done with any note, and so the E major scale would be TTSTTTS starting on E: E F# G# A B C# D# E (let me know if that's clear, I can explain in more detail).

A MINOR scale pattern is TSTTSTT (actually the same pattern as the major scale, but starting at a different place |TTSTTTS| or TS|TTSTT. This means that every minor scale will have a major scale with all the same notes, in the same order, but starting and ending on a different one. For example, C major is CDEFGABC, and A minor is ABCDEFGA. If you continue on with the letters, you will see that you get both scales in there [AB(CDEFGA]BC). The difference is the starting note. Anyway, this mean there are a couple of different ways to think about it. You can learn your major and minor scales using the T/S method, or you can just learn your majors, and realize that the minors are the same thing, just starting on note #6 of the major scale. C major CDEFGABC, the 6th note is A, so the A minor scale is ABCDEFGA. D major, D E F# G A B C# D, the 6th note is B, so the B minor scale is B C# D E F# G A B. There are more ways the think of it that actually help a lot, like the key signatures, and the circle of fifths, but then I'd just be giving you a music theory lesson, so start with this for now.

Basically, what I've said here is: take any note, and follow the major (TTSTTTS) or minor (TSTTSTT) scale pattern, and you will have that note's major or minor scale. I hope this helps, so you can actually figure out any scale on the spot (with a little bit of time). If you don't understand or if you have any questions, just let me know, and I can go into more detail, or be more specific. This is the way to learn it if you ever want to really start using these scales in a band, but if you want me to just post all the major and minor scales in each key so you can memorize them, then I can do that too, just let me know.